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Medieval Synagogue of Tomar, Portugal

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Patrimoine juif · SynagoguesLe plus ancien

Oldest Synagogue in Portugal

Détenteur du record

Synagogue of Tomar

Valeur du record

Built: 1430–1460

The Synagogue of Tomar, in central Portugal, is recognized as the oldest surviving purpose-built synagogue building in the country. According to the Municipality of Tomar and Portuguese heritage authorities, its construction dates to a period between 1430 and 1460; no single exact construction year has been reliably established. The building served the town’s medieval Jewish community during the fifteenth century, when Tomar was associated with the Order of Christ and Prince Henry the Navigator. Its compact prayer hall has four central columns supporting vaulted ceilings, traditionally linked to the four biblical matriarchs, while twelve wall supports evoke the twelve tribes of Israel. Jewish worship ended after the Portuguese expulsion and forced-conversion measures of 1496–1497. The building subsequently had several nonreligious uses. Recognized again as a historic synagogue in the twentieth century, it was protected as a national monument and became home to the Abraão Zacuto Jewish Museum. The documented construction interval, rather than an invented exact date, is the historically defensible record value.

Pays du détenteur: Portugal
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Tomar, Portugal
Date de l’accomplissement: 1460

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Marlee Matlin photographed in Arizona in 1989, two years after winning the Academy Award for Best Actress

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Distinctions · Oscarsyoungest

Youngest Academy Award Winner for Best Actress

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

21 years and 218 days

Marlee Matlin holds the record as the Youngest Oscar Winner for Best Actress, an achievement she secured on 30 March 1987 in Los Angeles, California. At the 59th Academy Awards, Matlin was officially 21 years and 218 days old when she won the competitive Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Children of a Lesser God. Her win was notable not only for her age but also because she became the first deaf woman to win an acting Oscar.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Los Angeles, California, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 30 mars 1987

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Portrait of U.S. Cabinet member Oscar S. Straus.

Vérifié par JWR

Communauté et sociétéPremier

First Jewish Member of the United States Cabinet

Détenteur du record

Oscar S. Straus

Valeur du record

17 December 1906

On 17 December 1906, Oscar S. Straus entered office as United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor in President Theodore Roosevelt’s Cabinet. The Library of Congress identifies the appointment as the first time a Jew held a Cabinet position in the United States, while official Commerce records place his service from 17 December 1906 through 5 March 1909. The record is defined by the date Straus actually began Cabinet service, not by the earlier announcement of his nomination. His appointment joined a career in law, diplomacy, public administration and international arbitration. It also marked a visible national milestone for Jewish participation in the highest level of the federal executive branch. JWR found no earlier Jewish head of a Cabinet-rank executive department. Archival footage of Straus is retained only as holder context because no direct moving image of the 1906 appointment or oath was located.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Washington, D.C., Washington, D.C., États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 17 décembre 1906

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Portrait of Jewish American actor Paul Muni.

Vérifié par JWR

Distinctions · OscarsPremier

First Jewish Winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

4 March 1937

Paul Muni became the "First Jewish Winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor" on 4 March 1937. The achievement was marked at the 9th Academy Awards in Los Angeles, California, where he won the award for Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in the film The Story of Louis Pasteur.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Los Angeles, California, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 4 mars 1937

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Synagogue of Carpentras, France

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Patrimoine juif · SynagoguesLe plus ancien

Oldest Active Synagogue in France

Détenteur du record

Synagogue of Carpentras

Valeur du record

1367

The Synagogue of Carpentras was founded in 1367 and is recognized as the oldest active synagogue in France. The Jewish community of Carpentras developed under papal protection in the Comtat Venaissin, where Jews maintained a continuous communal presence despite periods of restriction and segregation. Although the synagogue’s present appearance reflects extensive eighteenth-century rebuilding and enlargement, its religious history is rooted in the medieval foundation of 1367. The building contains prayer spaces, ritual facilities and architectural elements that reflect centuries of Jewish life in Provence. It is protected as a historic monument and remains a place connected to Jewish worship and heritage. For JWR, the qualifying metric is the earliest securely documented foundation year of a synagogue in France that is still active; this is why the title must retain the word “Active.”

Pays du détenteur: France
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Carpentras, France
Date de l’accomplissement: 1367

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Portrait of poet Marya Zaturenska in 1921.

Vérifié par JWR

Distinctions · Prix PulitzerPremier

First Jewish Recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry

Détenteur du record

Marya Zaturenska

Valeur du record

2 May 1938

Marya Zaturenska holds the record as the first Jewish recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, an achievement she secured in 1938 for her collection, 'Cold Morning Sky'. The prize was awarded in New York, New York, and official lists from The Pulitzer Prizes confirm her as the winner in the Poetry category for that year. Her position as the earliest qualifying Jewish recipient is based on a chronological review of all Pulitzer Poetry winners combined with biographical verification.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: New York, New York, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 2 mai 1938

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Historical portrait of Hedwig Rosenbaum, photographed circa 1914–1918.

Vérifié par JWR

Sport · Jeux olympiquesPremier

Première femme juive à remporter une médaille olympique

Détenteur du record

Hedwig Rosenbaum

Valeur du record

Bronze — July 1900

Hedwig Rosenbaum a participé au tournoi de tennis des Jeux olympiques de Paris en 1900. Les résultats olympiques reconnus aujourd'hui lui attribuent deux médailles de bronze, en simple dames et en double mixte. Des recherches historiques, notamment des documents publiés par le Comité olympique tchèque, indiquent qu'elle était issue d'une famille juive germanophone de Bohême. Ces résultats précèdent de plusieurs décennies la médaille d'argent remportée par Fanny « Bobbie » Rosenfeld aux Jeux d'Amsterdam en 1928. Jewish World Records avait précédemment reconnu Rosenfeld comme détentrice de ce record. Le changement ne correspond pas à une nouvelle performance sportive, mais à une correction historique fondée sur des preuves plus anciennes. L'ancienne reconnaissance accordée à Rosenfeld reste conservée dans un registre distinct des révisions, accompagné des sources et des explications nécessaires à la transparence. Le jour exact où Rosenbaum a obtenu la première de ses deux médailles n'a pas été établi avec suffisamment de certitude ; la date du record est donc indiquée uniquement à l'année : 1900.

Pays représenté: Bohemia
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Paris, France
Date de l’accomplissement: July 1900

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Olympic weightlifter Isaac Berger during the Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games.

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

SportLe plus grand nombre

Le plus grand nombre de médailles olympiques remportées par un haltérophile juif

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

3 Olympic medals (one gold, two silver)

Isaac Berger détient le record du plus grand nombre de médailles olympiques remportées par un haltérophile juif, avec un total de trois médailles (une d'or et deux d'argent). Représentant les États-Unis, il a participé à trois Jeux olympiques, remportant l'or en poids plumes à Melbourne en 1956, puis l'argent à Rome en 1960 et à Tokyo en 1964. Le record a été établi le 12 octobre 1964, jour de la compétition des poids plumes à Tokyo, où il a décroché sa troisième médaille. La Fédération internationale d'haltérophilie (IWF) confirme ce record.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 12 octobre 1964

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Congregation Beth Israel in Portland, Oregon

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Patrimoine juif · Communautés juivesLe plus ancien

Oldest Jewish Congregation Still Active in Oregon

Détenteur du record

Congregation Beth Israel

Valeur du record

Founded in 1858

Congregation Beth Israel holds the record as the 'Oldest Jewish Congregation Still Active in Oregon', having been 'Founded in 1858'. The achievement is based on the congregation’s beginnings at a meeting of eight people in Portland, Oregon, in May 1858, with twenty-one original members joining the following month. The record specifically measures the continuity of the institution since its founding, not the age of its present 1928 building. The metric is defined as the earliest founding date among currently active Jewish religious congregations within the state, based on a review of institutional chronology and continuity.

Pays: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Portland, Oregon, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: May 1858

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Geoff Tabin

Vérifié par JWR

SportPremier

First Jewish Person to Summit Mount Everest

Détenteur du record

Geoffrey Craig "Geoff" Tabin

Valeur du record

2 October 1988

On 2 October 1988, American physician and mountaineer Geoffrey Craig “Geoff” Tabin reached the summit of Mount Everest via the South Col route. The American Alpine Journal records Tabin in the October 2 summit party, providing confirmation from professional mountaineering literature of both the successful ascent and its date. Independent Jewish press later described him as the first Jew to reach Everest’s summit and as the 209th person to do so. Tabin had previously attempted Everest in 1983. He later became the fourth person to complete the Seven Summits and built an internationally recognized medical career devoted to eliminating avoidable blindness.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: mont Everest, Nepal
Date de l’accomplissement: 2 octobre 1988

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Portrait of Jewish American actor Paul Muni.

Vérifié par JWR

Distinctions · Tony AwardsPremier

First Jewish Winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

1 April 1956

Paul Muni became the first Jewish winner of the Tony Award for Actor in a Play when he won for his performance as Henry Drummond in Inherit the Wind at the 10th Tony Awards on 1 April 1956. The official Tony Awards archive lists Muni as the 1956 Actor (Play) winner and provides the chronological basis for reviewing earlier winners in the category. JWR’s counter-candidate review of the preceding winners found no earlier recipient verified as Jewish under the project’s eligibility standard. Muni’s Jewish identity is independently documented by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, which described him as a famous Jewish American actor and recorded his roots in a Yiddish-theatre family. The record therefore combines official award evidence, chronology and independent Jewish-eligibility evidence.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: New York, New York, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 1 avril 1956

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Carl Djerassi

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

DistinctionsPremier

First Jewish Recipient of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

11 April 1978

Carl Djerassi received the inaugural Wolf Prize in Chemistry at the Knesset in Jerusalem on 11 April 1978. The Wolf Foundation recognized his work in bioorganic chemistry, the application of new spectroscopic techniques, and his support of international scientific cooperation. Djerassi had already transformed steroid chemistry and was widely known for work leading to the first oral contraceptive. Because the Wolf Prize in Chemistry began in 1978 and Djerassi was its sole chemistry laureate that year, he is the first recipient in the category and, with his Jewish identity independently documented, the first Jewish recipient. JWR uses the exact presentation date as the Record Value and keeps the broader award-year context in the evidence and story.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 11 avril 1978

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Publicity portrait of Phil Silvers for Top Banana.

Vérifié par JWR

Distinctions · Tony AwardsPremier

First Jewish Winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

30 March 1952

American comic actor Phil Silvers holds the record as the first Jewish winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He received the honour on 30 March 1952 at the 6th Tony Awards ceremony in New York City. The award, officially titled "Actor (Musical)", was for his performance in the production Top Banana. Born Fischl Silver, he was the youngest of eight children in a Russian Jewish family.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: New York, New York, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 30 mars 1952

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Frank Spellman, Olympic weightlifting champion.

Vérifié par JWR

Sport · Jeux olympiquesPremier

First Jewish Olympic Champion in Weightlifting

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

10 August 1948

American athlete Frank Spellman became the first Jewish Olympic champion in weightlifting on 10 August 1948 at the Olympic Games in London, United Kingdom. Competing in the men’s middleweight (≤75 kg) category, he secured the gold medal with a winning total of 390 kg. During the event, Spellman also set new Olympic records on his way to victory. The official record value for this achievement is documented as 'Gold — men’s middleweight (≤75 kg), London 1948, 10 August 1948'.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Londres, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 10 août 1948

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Jessica U. Meir in a NASA spacesuit

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Espace · Vols spatiaux habités · Distancefarthest

Farthest Distance from Earth Reached by a Jewish Woman

Détenteur du record

Jessica U. Meir

Valeur du record

428.9 kilometers

On 27 August 2026, a Cygnus XL reboost raised the International Space Station to an apogee of 266.5 statute miles, approximately 428.9 kilometers. Jessica Meir was aboard the station as part of Expedition 75, so she physically reached that maximum orbital altitude. JWR compares documented apogees on a like-for-like basis rather than mixing average altitude, perigee or launch trajectory values. Earlier missions flown by verified Jewish women were screened, including flights by Marsha Ivins, Judith Resnik and Ellen Baker. Their published maximum orbital values remained below the 2026 ISS apogee. The resulting record is a precise example of how a station reboost can create a new human altitude mark even without a new launch.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 27 août 2026

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Boris Volynov

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Espace · Vols spatiaux habités · CommandPremier

First Jewish Person to Command a Crewed Space Mission

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

15 January 1969

When Soyuz 5 launched on 15 January 1969, Boris Volynov was its commander. The mission participated in the first docking of two crewed spacecraft and a crew transfer between them, while Volynov remained aboard Soyuz 5 for a famously difficult return to Earth. Contemporary Jewish reporting identified him as Jewish through his mother and explicitly described him as the Soyuz 5 commander. Because the same chronology establishes Volynov as the first Jewish person to reach space, the command claim has a particularly strong logical boundary: no earlier Jewish space traveler existed who could have commanded a crewed mission. JWR therefore recognizes Volynov as the first Jewish person to command a crewed space mission.

Pays représenté: Union soviétique
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Union soviétique
Date de l’accomplissement: 15 janvier 1969

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Early portrait of Jewish American writer and screenwriter Ben Hecht.

Vérifié par JWR

Distinctions · OscarsPremier

First Jewish Winner of the Academy Award for Original Story

Détenteur du record

Valeur du record

16 May 1929

Ben Hecht became the first Jewish writer to win the Academy Award for Original Story on 16 May 1929. The achievement took place at the inaugural Academy Awards ceremony in Los Angeles, California, where he was honoured for the film 'Underworld' in the category of Writing (Original Story). Official records from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences confirm him as the winner. As this was the first time the award was presented, no earlier winner is possible.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Los Angeles, California, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 16 mai 1929

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Temple B’nai Israel historical marker

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Patrimoine juif · Communautés juivesLe plus ancien

La plus ancienne congrégation juive active de l'Oklahoma

Détenteur du record

Temple B’nai Israel

Valeur du record

Mai 1903

Le Temple B’nai Israel est reconnu par JWR comme la plus ancienne congrégation juive active de l’Oklahoma. Ce record est détenu par la congrégation elle-même, et non par un bâtiment en particulier. Fondée à Oklahoma City en mai 1903, la congrégation a occupé plusieurs sites tout en conservant une identité institutionnelle stable. Son histoire officielle retrace l’histoire de la communauté depuis sa formation jusqu’à sa première synagogue permanente, puis ses différents campus. La comparaison effectuée par JWR à l’échelle de l’État a également pris en compte des communautés juives plus anciennes ou contemporaines. Le Temple Emeth d’Ardmore a été fondé plus tôt, en 1890, mais a été dissous par la suite ; la synagogue Emanuel d’Oklahoma City a été officiellement reconnue en 1904, et le Temple Israel de Tulsa date de 1914. B’nai Emunah s’est développée à partir d’un minyan primitif, mais a été formellement organisée plus tard. Ce record témoigne donc de l’existence continue et de l’activité actuelle de la congrégation, et non de l’âge d’un bâtiment encore debout.

Pays: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: May 1903

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