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Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Patrimoine juif · SynagoguesLe plus ancien

Oldest Synagogue in Portugal

Détenteur du record

Synagogue of Tomar

Valeur du record

Built: 1430–1460

The Synagogue of Tomar, in central Portugal, is recognized as the oldest surviving purpose-built synagogue building in the country. According to the Municipality of Tomar and Portuguese heritage authorities, its construction dates to a period between 1430 and 1460; no single exact construction year has been reliably established. The building served the town’s medieval Jewish community during the fifteenth century, when Tomar was associated with the Order of Christ and Prince Henry the Navigator. Its compact prayer hall has four central columns supporting vaulted ceilings, traditionally linked to the four biblical matriarchs, while twelve wall supports evoke the twelve tribes of Israel. Jewish worship ended after the Portuguese expulsion and forced-conversion measures of 1496–1497. The building subsequently had several nonreligious uses. Recognized again as a historic synagogue in the twentieth century, it was protected as a national monument and became home to the Abraão Zacuto Jewish Museum. The documented construction interval, rather than an invented exact date, is the historically defensible record value.

Pays du détenteur: Portugal
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Tomar, Portugal
Date de l’accomplissement: 1460

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Marlee Matlin photographed in Arizona in 1989, two years after winning the Academy Award for Best Actress

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Distinctions · Oscarsyoungest

Youngest Academy Award Winner for Best Actress

Détenteur du record

Marlee Matlin

Valeur du record

21 years and 218 days

Marlee Matlin holds the record as the Youngest Oscar Winner for Best Actress, an achievement she secured on 30 March 1987 in Los Angeles, California. At the 59th Academy Awards, Matlin was officially 21 years and 218 days old when she won the competitive Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Children of a Lesser God. Her win was notable not only for her age but also because she became the first deaf woman to win an acting Oscar.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Los Angeles, California, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 30 mars 1987

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Portrait of U.S. Cabinet member Oscar S. Straus.

Vérifié par JWR

Communauté et sociétéPremier

First Jewish Member of the United States Cabinet

Détenteur du record

Oscar S. Straus

Valeur du record

17 December 1906

On 17 December 1906, Oscar S. Straus entered office as United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor in President Theodore Roosevelt’s Cabinet. The Library of Congress identifies the appointment as the first time a Jew held a Cabinet position in the United States, while official Commerce records place his service from 17 December 1906 through 5 March 1909. The record is defined by the date Straus actually began Cabinet service, not by the earlier announcement of his nomination. His appointment joined a career in law, diplomacy, public administration and international arbitration. It also marked a visible national milestone for Jewish participation in the highest level of the federal executive branch. JWR found no earlier Jewish head of a Cabinet-rank executive department. Archival footage of Straus is retained only as holder context because no direct moving image of the 1906 appointment or oath was located.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Washington, D.C., Washington, D.C., États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 17 décembre 1906

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Portrait of Jewish American actor Paul Muni.

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Distinctions · OscarsPremier

First Jewish Winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor

Détenteur du record

Paul Muni

Valeur du record

4 March 1937

Paul Muni became the "First Jewish Winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor" on 4 March 1937. The achievement was marked at the 9th Academy Awards in Los Angeles, California, where he won the award for Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in the film The Story of Louis Pasteur.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Los Angeles, California, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 4 mars 1937

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Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

Patrimoine juif · SynagoguesLe plus ancien

Oldest Active Synagogue in France

Détenteur du record

Synagogue of Carpentras

Valeur du record

1367

The Synagogue of Carpentras was founded in 1367 and is recognized as the oldest active synagogue in France. The Jewish community of Carpentras developed under papal protection in the Comtat Venaissin, where Jews maintained a continuous communal presence despite periods of restriction and segregation. Although the synagogue’s present appearance reflects extensive eighteenth-century rebuilding and enlargement, its religious history is rooted in the medieval foundation of 1367. The building contains prayer spaces, ritual facilities and architectural elements that reflect centuries of Jewish life in Provence. It is protected as a historic monument and remains a place connected to Jewish worship and heritage. For JWR, the qualifying metric is the earliest securely documented foundation year of a synagogue in France that is still active; this is why the title must retain the word “Active.”

Pays du détenteur: France
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Carpentras, France
Date de l’accomplissement: 1367

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Portrait of poet Marya Zaturenska in 1921.

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Distinctions · Prix PulitzerPremier

First Jewish Recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry

Détenteur du record

Marya Zaturenska

Valeur du record

2 May 1938

Marya Zaturenska holds the record as the first Jewish recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, an achievement she secured in 1938 for her collection, 'Cold Morning Sky'. The prize was awarded in New York, New York, and official lists from The Pulitzer Prizes confirm her as the winner in the Poetry category for that year. Her position as the earliest qualifying Jewish recipient is based on a chronological review of all Pulitzer Poetry winners combined with biographical verification.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: New York, New York, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 2 mai 1938

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Historical portrait of Hedwig Rosenbaum, photographed circa 1914–1918.

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Sport · Jeux olympiquesPremier

Première femme juive à remporter une médaille olympique

Détenteur du record

Hedwig Rosenbaum

Valeur du record

Bronze — July 1900

Hedwig Rosenbaum a participé au tournoi de tennis des Jeux olympiques de Paris en 1900. Les résultats olympiques reconnus aujourd'hui lui attribuent deux médailles de bronze, en simple dames et en double mixte. Des recherches historiques, notamment des documents publiés par le Comité olympique tchèque, indiquent qu'elle était issue d'une famille juive germanophone de Bohême. Ces résultats précèdent de plusieurs décennies la médaille d'argent remportée par Fanny « Bobbie » Rosenfeld aux Jeux d'Amsterdam en 1928. Jewish World Records avait précédemment reconnu Rosenfeld comme détentrice de ce record. Le changement ne correspond pas à une nouvelle performance sportive, mais à une correction historique fondée sur des preuves plus anciennes. L'ancienne reconnaissance accordée à Rosenfeld reste conservée dans un registre distinct des révisions, accompagné des sources et des explications nécessaires à la transparence. Le jour exact où Rosenbaum a obtenu la première de ses deux médailles n'a pas été établi avec suffisamment de certitude ; la date du record est donc indiquée uniquement à l'année : 1900.

Pays représenté: Bohemia
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Paris, France
Date de l’accomplissement: July 1900

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Olympic weightlifter Isaac Berger during the Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games.

Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

SportLe plus grand nombre

Le plus grand nombre de médailles olympiques remportées par un haltérophile juif

Détenteur du record

Isaac Berger

Valeur du record

3 Olympic medals (one gold, two silver)

Isaac Berger détient le record du plus grand nombre de médailles olympiques remportées par un haltérophile juif, avec un total de trois médailles (une d'or et deux d'argent). Représentant les États-Unis, il a participé à trois Jeux olympiques, remportant l'or en poids plumes à Melbourne en 1956, puis l'argent à Rome en 1960 et à Tokyo en 1964. Le record a été établi le 12 octobre 1964, jour de la compétition des poids plumes à Tokyo, où il a décroché sa troisième médaille. La Fédération internationale d'haltérophilie (IWF) confirme ce record.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 12 octobre 1964

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Congregation Beth Israel in Portland, Oregon

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Patrimoine juif · Communautés juivesLe plus ancien

Oldest Jewish Congregation Still Active in Oregon

Détenteur du record

Congregation Beth Israel

Valeur du record

Founded in 1858

Congregation Beth Israel holds the record as the 'Oldest Jewish Congregation Still Active in Oregon', having been 'Founded in 1858'. The achievement is based on the congregation’s beginnings at a meeting of eight people in Portland, Oregon, in May 1858, with twenty-one original members joining the following month. The record specifically measures the continuity of the institution since its founding, not the age of its present 1928 building. The metric is defined as the earliest founding date among currently active Jewish religious congregations within the state, based on a review of institutional chronology and continuity.

Pays: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: Portland, Oregon, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: May 1858

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Vérifié par JWR

SportPremier

First Jewish Person to Summit Mount Everest

Détenteur du record

Geoffrey Craig "Geoff" Tabin

Valeur du record

2 October 1988

On 2 October 1988, American physician and mountaineer Geoffrey Craig “Geoff” Tabin reached the summit of Mount Everest via the South Col route. The American Alpine Journal records Tabin in the October 2 summit party, providing confirmation from professional mountaineering literature of both the successful ascent and its date. Independent Jewish press later described him as the first Jew to reach Everest’s summit and as the 209th person to do so. Tabin had previously attempted Everest in 1983. He later became the fourth person to complete the Seven Summits and built an internationally recognized medical career devoted to eliminating avoidable blindness.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: mont Everest, Nepal
Date de l’accomplissement: 2 octobre 1988

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Distinctions · Tony AwardsPremier

First Jewish Winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play

Détenteur du record

Paul Muni

Valeur du record

1 April 1956

Paul Muni became the first Jewish winner of the Tony Award for Actor in a Play when he won for his performance as Henry Drummond in Inherit the Wind at the 10th Tony Awards on 1 April 1956. The official Tony Awards archive lists Muni as the 1956 Actor (Play) winner and provides the chronological basis for reviewing earlier winners in the category. JWR’s counter-candidate review of the preceding winners found no earlier recipient verified as Jewish under the project’s eligibility standard. Muni’s Jewish identity is independently documented by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, which described him as a famous Jewish American actor and recorded his roots in a Yiddish-theatre family. The record therefore combines official award evidence, chronology and independent Jewish-eligibility evidence.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: New York, New York, États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 1 avril 1956

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Vérifié par JWRRecord fondateur

DistinctionsPremier

First Jewish Recipient of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry

Détenteur du record

Carl Djerassi

Valeur du record

11 April 1978

Carl Djerassi received the inaugural Wolf Prize in Chemistry at the Knesset in Jerusalem on 11 April 1978. The Wolf Foundation recognized his work in bioorganic chemistry, the application of new spectroscopic techniques, and his support of international scientific cooperation. Djerassi had already transformed steroid chemistry and was widely known for work leading to the first oral contraceptive. Because the Wolf Prize in Chemistry began in 1978 and Djerassi was its sole chemistry laureate that year, he is the first recipient in the category and, with his Jewish identity independently documented, the first Jewish recipient. JWR uses the exact presentation date as the Record Value and keeps the broader award-year context in the evidence and story.

Pays représenté: États-Unis
Lieu de l’accomplissement: États-Unis
Date de l’accomplissement: 11 avril 1978

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